Effects of Dianxianqing granules on tau protein in P301S mice by regulating mitophagy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Dianxianqing granules on the tau protein in P301S mice by regulating mitophagy. METHODS Totally 36 P301S mice were randomly divided into model group， Dianxianqing granule group （12.48 g/kg）， donepezil hydrochloride group （positive control， 1.3 mg/kg）， with 12 mice in each group； another 10 C57BL6 mice were selected as control group. Administration groups were given relevant drug solutions intragastrically， and control group and model group were given constant volume of water intragastrically. The gavage volume was 20 mL/kg， once a day， for consecutive 5 months. During the experiment， the general condition of mice was observed in each group. After the last medication， the learning and memory ability was determined by Y maze test and Morris water maze test； HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes in brain tissue， and Nissl staining was used to observe the structure of neural cells and the number of Nissl bodies in cerebral tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of phospho-tau serine 202/threonine 205 （abbreviated as AT8） in brain tissue. Western blot assay was used to determine the expressions of mitophagy-associated proteins [PTEN-induced putative kinase-1 （PINK1）， Parkin， microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B （LC3B）， p62]， synaptic-associated proteins [postsynaptic density protein-95 （PSD-95）， synaptophysin （SYP）， and growth-associated protein-43 （GAP-43）] and the phosphorylation of tau protein [expressed by the phosphorylation levels of serine 199 （Ser199） and Ser202] in brain tissue. RESULTS The mice in E-mail：lnzyxyqy2003@163.com model group showed symptoms such as white hair， decreased body mass， and lower limb paralysis， with incomplete hippocampal structures in their brain tissue， as well as incomplete cell membrane edges and cell structures； the spontaneous alternating response rate， the times of crossing platform， the number of Nissl bodies， the protein expressions of PINK1， Parkin， LC3B， SYP， GAP-43， and PSD-95 were decreased significantly， compared with control group； swimming latency （fourth and fifth day）， the protein expressions of AT8 and p62，the phosphorylation levels of Ser199 and Ser202 were increased or lengthened significantly， compared with control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， the above symptoms and indexes of mice were improved significantly in administration groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Dianxianqing granules can effectively improve cognitive impairment in P301S mice，the mechanism of which may be associated with inducing mitochondrial autophagy， reducing the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein， up-regulating the expression of synaptic-associated proteins in brain tissue，and repairing damaged neural cells.

Epidemiological investigation on the local epidemic situation in Zhengzhou High-Tech Zone caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant / 中华预防医学杂志

This study collected epidemic data of COVID-19 in Zhengzhou from January 1 to January 20 in 2022. The epidemiological characteristics of the local epidemic in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant were analyzed through epidemiological survey and big data analysis, which could provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the Delta variant. In detail, a total of 276 close contacts and 599 secondary close contacts were found in this study. The attack rate of close contacts and secondary close contacts was 5.43% (15/276) and 0.17% (1/599), respectively. There were 10 confirmed cases associated with the chain of transmission. Among them, the attack rates in close contacts of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth generation cases were 20.00% (5/25), 17.86% (5/28), 0.72% (1/139) and 14.81% (4/27), 0 (0/57), respectively. The attack rates in close contacts after sharing rooms/beds, having meals, having neighbor contacts, sharing vehicles with the patients, having same space contacts, and having work contacts were 26.67%, 9.10%, 8.33%, 4.55%, 1.43%, and 0 respectively. Collectively, the local epidemic situation in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone has an obvious family cluster. Prevention and control work should focus on decreasing family clusters of cases and community transmission.

Research progress on mental health of school age children under major public health emergencies / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Children were vulnerable groups in major public health emergencies. In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was widespread in the world. The mental health of school age children has become a worldwide concern. Herein, we conducted this review to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of general children and special children with a high risk of psychological problems, focusing on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post traumatic stress disorder among school age children in different countries and regions during the COVID-19 epidemic. Considering the susceptibility between individuals and the accessibility of social resources, we further explored the child, family, and social related factors affecting the mental health of school age children. Finally, some suggestions on the construction of children s mental health service system in major public health emergencies were put forward at the national, school family community, and individual levels. Building a safe and reliable child mental health protection network required the joint efforts of all sectors of society.

Construction and mechanism of dry eye model in mice with ocular surface iron overload / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To establish a dry eye mouse model of iron overload by intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran and preliminarily explore its possible mechanism.METHODS: A total of 40 male C57BL/6 mice(taking the right eye as the experimental eye)were divided into 4 groups by random number table method: There were 10 mice in the control group, each time by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2mL of normal saline; Low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose iron group with 10 mice in each group were the model group. Each time, 0.2mL of iron dextran solution with concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/mL was injected intraperitoneally. One injection 3d for a total of 28d. We observed the ocular surface inflammation index, corneal fluorescein staining, tear break-up time(BUT)and Schimer I test(SIt)on the 7, 14 and 28d after injection and evaluated the degree of dry eye and ocular surface inflammation. After 28d, the mice were sacrificed for cornea, conjunctiva and lacrimal glands tissue for HE staining, Prussian blue staining and tissue iron detection, to evaluate the inflammatory reaction and iron overload. The expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and matrix metallo proteinase-9(MMP-9)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the mice in the model group showed a series of dry eye symptoms, the inflammation index of ocular surface in mice were increased, the score of corneal fluorescein staining increased, the BUT shortened and the amount of tear secretion decreased(all P<0.05). The cornea, conjunctiva and lacrimal gland tissues of the mice were damaged to varying degrees, the iron deposition on the eye surface of the model group was more serious than that of the control group, and the iron content of the tissue was significantly increased than the control group(all P<0.01). The contents of inflammatory factors(IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-9)in the cornea, conjunctiva and lacrimal gland tissue of the mice in the model group were significantly higher than those of the control group(all P<0.01). With the increase of injection time and concentration of iron dextran, the degree of dry eye and ocular surface inflammation in mice gradually increased. CONCLUSION: The mouse iron overload dry eye model was successfully established by intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran, the mechanism may be related to the ocular surface inflammation aggravated by iron overload.

Efferocytosis impacts ocular surface inflammation in high-iron environment by regulating macrophage polarization / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore whether efferocytosis impacts ocular surface inflammation in high-iron environment by regulating macrophage polarization. METHODS: A total of 50 healthy C57BL/6 male mice aged 6-8wk were randomly divided into normal control group, iron group, inhibitor group, enhancer group and solvent control group, with 10 mice in each group. The normal control group was injected intraperitoneally with 0.2mL of normal saline, and the other groups were injected intraperitoneally with 50mg/mL iron dextran of 0.2mL, once every 3d. From the 14d, the inhibitor group, the enhancer group and the solvent control group were injected intraperitoneally with the same volume(0.2mL)50mg/kg XMD8-92, 10mg/kg simvastatin and 50% DMSO solvent once a day, respectively. The anterior segment of the eyes was observed under slit lamp microscope on the 7, 14, 28d after intraperitoneal injection, and the ocular surface inflammation index and corneal fluorescein staining score were evaluated. The cornea, conjunctiva and lacrimal gland tissues were taken at 28d for the HE staining and immunofluorescence staining, and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of macrophage polarization related indexes(CD86, CD206, iNOS, Arg-1); Western blot were used to detect the expression of efferocytosis related signal factors(Gas6, MerTK); ELISA was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors(IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-9).RESULTS: After injection for 28d, compared with the normal control group, the ocular surface inflammatory index and corneal fluorescein staining score were increased in the iron group and the solvent control group. HE staining showed incomplete corneal epithelium, reduced conjunctival goblet cells, unclear lacrimal gland structure and relatively disordered arrangement of cells. In all tissues, the expressions of polarization related indexes of M1 macrophages such as CD86 and iNOS were up-regulated, while those of M2 macrophages such as CD206 and Arg-1 were down-regulated, and the expressions of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α and MMP-9 were up-regulated(all P<0.05). Compared with the iron group and the solvent control group, the ocular surface inflammation index and corneal fluorescein staining score of the inhibitor group were further increased. HE staining showed obvious exfoliation of corneal epithelium, further decrease or even disappearance of conjunctival goblet cells, disorder of lacrimal gland structure and irregular arrangement of cells. In all tissues, the expression of signal factors related to efferocytosis such as Gas6 and MerTK was down-regulated(all P<0.05), the expression of polarization related indexes of M1 macrophages such as CD86 and iNOS and the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α and MMP-9 were further up-regulated(all P<0.05). But the ocular surface inflammation index and corneal fluorescein staining score decreased in the enhancer group. HE staining showed the integrity of corneal epithelial, the increase of conjunctival goblet cells and the improvement of lacrimal gland structure and morphology. In all tissues, the expression of signal factors related to efferocytosis such as Gas6 and MerTK was up-regulated(all P<0.05), and the expression of polarization related indexes of M2 macrophages such as CD206 and Arg-1 was up-regulated, while the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α and MMP-9 was down-regulated(all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: High-iron environment induces macrophages polarize to M1, which aggravates ocular surface inflammation and tissue damage. Efferocytosis by regulating the polarization of macrophages impact the occurrence of ocular surface inflammation in high-iron environment.

Enhancing cancer chemo-immunotherapy by biomimetic nanogel with tumor targeting capacity and rapid drug-releasing in tumor microenvironment

In the development of chemo-immunotherapy, many efforts have been focusing on designing suitable carriers to realize the co-delivery of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic with different physicochemical properties and mechanisms of action. Besides, rapid drug release at the tumor site with minimal drug degradation is also essential to facilitate the antitumor effect in a short time. Here, we reported a cancer cell membrane-coated pH-responsive nanogel (NG@M) to co-deliver chemotherapeutic paclitaxel (PTX) and immunotherapeutic agent interleukin-2 (IL-2) under mild conditions for combinational treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. In the designed nanogels, the synthetic copolymer PDEA-co-HP-β-cyclodextrin-co-Pluronic F127 and charge reversible polymer dimethylmaleic anhydride-modified polyethyleneimine endowed nanogels with excellent drug-loading capacity and rapid responsive drug-releasing behavior under acidic tumor microenvironment. Benefited from tumor homologous targeting capacity, NG@M exhibited 4.59-fold higher accumulation at the homologous tumor site than heterologous cancer cell membrane-coated NG. Rapidly released PTX and IL-2 enhanced the maturation of dendritic cells and quickly activated the antitumor immune response in situ, followed by prompted infiltration of immune effector cells. By the combined chemo-immunotherapy, enhanced antitumor effect and efficient pulmonary metastasis inhibition were achieved with a prolonged median survival rate (39 days).

Acupoint selection rules and characteristics of insomnia in the elderly treated with acupuncture / 中国针灸

The published literature of insomnia in the elderly treated with acupuncture was retrieved in CNKI, Wanfang and VIP from the date of establishment to December 31, 2019. Association rule analysis and cluster analysis were used to summarize the acupoint selection rules of insomnia in the elderly treated with acupuncture. A total of 37 articles were included, involving 60 acupuncture prescriptions. The most commonly used acupoints were Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenmen (HT 7), Anmian (Extra), Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Neiguan (PC 6), Xinshu (BL 15) and Taixi (KI 3). The most commonly used acupoint combinations were Sanyinjiao (SP 6)-Anmian (Extra)-Baihui (GV 20)-Sishencong (EX-HN 1)-Shenting (GV 24)-Shenmen (HT 7)-Xinshu(BL 15), Xinshu(BL 15)-Pishu (BL 20)-Shenshu (BL 23)-Shenting (GV 24), Zhaohai (KI 6)-Shenmai (BL 62), Taichong (LR 3)-Ganshu (BL 18), Daling (PC 7)-Taixi (KI 3), Neiguan (PC 6)- Zusanli (ST 36) and Guanyuan (CV 4)-Qihai (CV 6)-Zhongwan (CV 12). On the basis of acupoint selection according to disease differentiation, the acupoint selection rules and characteristics of insomnia in the elderly treated with acupuncture are regulating and supplementing the spleen and kidney and treating according to spleen-kidney.

Application value of individualized full-course nutritional intervention in neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of individualized full-course nutritional intervention in neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG).Methods:The perspec-tive randomized control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 90 patients with locally advanced Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG who underwent nCRT in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from February 2012 to December 2018 were selected. Patient were divided into two groups with 1:1 according to random number table. Patients undergoing nCRT combined with individualized full-course nutritional intervention were allocated into experimental group, and patients undergoing nCRT combined with common nutritional intervention were allocated into control group. Observation indicators: (1) grouping situations of the enrolled patients; (2) changing situations of nutritional status and quality of life of patients in nCRT and preoperative waiting period; (3) efficacy evaluation and adverse effects of nCRT; (4) surgical and recovery situations. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement date with skewed distribution were represented as M ( P25, P75) or M (range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were represented as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the non-parameter rank sum test. Repeated measurement data were analyzed using the repeated ANOVA. Results:(1) Grouping situations of the enrolled patients: a total of 90 patients were selected for eligibility. There were 77 males and 13 females, aged from 26 to 74 years, with a median age of 62 years. Of 90 patients, there were 45 cases in the experimental group and 45 cases in the control group. (2) Changing situations of nutritional status and quality of life of patients in nCRT and preoperative waiting period: ① during the nCRT treatment (week 3, week 6) and the preoperative waiting period (week 9, week 12, week 15), the body mass was (67±10)kg, (66±9)kg, (67±10)kg, (68±10)kg, (70±10)kg for the experi-mental group, respectively, and (65±9)kg, (59±8)kg, (62±8)kg, (64±8)kg, (66±9)kg for the control group. The multivariate test was conducted based on the mauchly's test of sphericity for the body mass ( χ2=195.010, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the time effect, interaction effect, intervention effect of body mass changing between the two groups ( F=93.974, 60.638, 4.144, P<0.05). ② During the nCRT treatment (week 3, week 6) and the preoperative waiting period (week 9, week 12, week 15), the total protein was (66±4)g/L, (65±4)g/L, (65±4)g/L, (68±4)g/L, (71±5)g/L for the experimental group, respectively, and (65±4)g/L, (62±5)g/L, (63±5)g/L, (65±5)g/L, (67±6)g/L for the control group. The multivariate test was conducted based on the mauchly's test of sphericity for the total protein ( χ2=652.524, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the time effect, interaction effect, interven-tion effect of total protein changing between the two groups ( F=672.507, 6.424, 5.057, P<0.05). ③ During the nCRT treatment (week 3, week 6) and the preoperative waiting period (week 9, week 12, week 15), the albumin was (40±3)g/L, (38±4)g/L, (38±4)g/L, (39±4)g/L, (40±4)g/L for the experimental group, respectively, and (39±4)g/L, (35±5)g/L, (36±4)g/L, (36±4)g/L, (37±5)g/L for the control group. The multivariate test was conducted based on the mauchly's test of sphericity for the albumin ( χ2=289.324, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the time effect, interaction effect, intervention effect of albumin changing between the two groups ( F=4 210.683, 5.013, 7.330, P<0.05). ④ During the nCRT treatment (week 3, week 6) and the preoperative waiting period (week 9, week 12, week 15), the prealbumin was (228±41)mg/L, (222±56)mg/L, (223±47)mg/L, (227±46)mg/L, (233±53)mg/L for the experimental group, respectively, and (202±49)mg/L, (174±68)mg/L, (179±54)mg/L, (185±51)mg/L, (193±57)mg/L for the control group. The multi-variate test was conducted based on the mauchly's test of sphericity for the prealbumin ( χ2=297.324, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the time effect, interaction effect, intervention effect of prealbumin changing between the two groups ( F=871.545, 6.111, 14.426, P<0.05). ⑤ During the nCRT treatment (week 3, week 6) and the preoperative waiting period (week 9, week 12, week 15), the hemoglobin was (124±14)g/L, (121±14)g/L, (125±13)g/L, (127±13)g/L, (128±13)g/L for the experimental group, respectively, and (121±18)g/L, (114±14)g/L, (116±14)g/L, (117±16)g/L, (118±22)g/L for the control group. The multivariate test was conducted based on the mauchly's test of sphericity for the hemoglobin ( χ2=257.560, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the time effect, interaction effect, intervention effect of hemoglobin changing between the two groups ( F=2 533.553, 4.142, 4.985, P<0.05). ⑥ During the nCRT treatment (week 3, week 6) and the preopera-tive waiting period (week 9, week 12, week 15), the patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) score was 4.4±1.2,6.3±1.4, 5.5±1.4, 4.3±1.4, 3.4±1.7 for the experimental group, respec-tively, and 4.9±1.2, 7.4±1.7, 7.3±1.6, 6.3±1.4, 6.0±1.5 for the control group. The multivariate test was conducted based on the mauchly's test of sphericity for the PG-SGA score ( χ2=289.543, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the time effect, interaction effect, intervention effect of PG-SGA score changing between the two groups ( F=648.583, 41.906, 26.098, P<0.05). ⑦ During the nCRT treatment (week 3, week 6) and the preoperative waiting period (week 9, week 12, week 15), the quality of life questionnaire of stomach (QLQ-ST022) score was 13±3, 16±6, 16±4, 14±4, 12±5 for the experimental group, respectively, and 15±4, 21±6, 20±4, 17±4, 15±5 for the control group. The multivariate test was conducted based on the mauchly's test of sphericity for the QLQ-STO22 ( χ2=279.865, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the time effect, interaction effect, interven-tion effect of QLQ-STO22 changing between the two groups ( F=710.238, 7.261, 16.794, P<0.05). (3) Efficacy evaluation and adverse effects of nCRT: there were 25 patients and 20 cases of the experimental group with partial response and stable disease, showing the objective response rate and disease control rate as 55.6%(25/45)and 100.0%(45/45). There were 18 patients and 27 cases of the control group with partial response and stable disease, showing the objective response rate and disease control rate as 40.0%(18/45)and 100.0%(45/45). There was no significant difference in the nCRT efficacy between the two groups ( P>0.05). Cases with leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, nausea, and loss of appetite were 27, 25, 19, 30, 34 for the experimental group, versus 37, 34, 29, 39, 42 for the control group, showing significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=5.409, 3.986, 4.464, 5.031, 5.414, P<0.05). (4) Surgical and recovery situations: patients of the experimental group underwent surgeries successfully. Two patients of the control group diagnosed with peritoneal metastasis after laparoscopic exploration underwent conversion therapy and no surgery, the other 43 patients underwent surgeries. The time to postoperative gastric tube removal, time to postopera-tive drainage tube removal, time to postoperative first flatus, time to postoperative first defecation, duration of postoperative hospital stay were 2.0 days (1.5 days, 3.0 days), 6.0 days (5.0 days,11.0 days), 2.0 days (1.5 days, 2.5 days), 2.0 days (1.5 days, 2.5 days), 7.0 days (6.0 days,14.0 days) for the experimental group, versus 3.0 days (2.0 days,4.0 days), 7.0 days (5.5 days,14.0 days), 2.0 days (1.5 days,3.0 days), 3.0 days (2.0 days,3.5 days), 8.0 days (6.0 days, 17.0 days) for the control group, showing significant differences between the two groups ( Z=-3.477, -4.398, -3.068, -5.786, -3.395, P<0.05). Conclusion:For AEG patients undergoing nCRT, the individualized full-course nutrition intervention involving nutritionists is beneficial to improve the nutritional status, reduce adverse reactions, and improve the quality of life of the patients, promote postoperative short-term recovery. Registry: this study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov in United States, with the registry number of NCT01962246.

Carrier-free nanoparticles based on self-assembly of active ingredients from Chinese medicine / 药学学报

Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history, unique system and perfect technology, which has been used to prevent or treat a variety of diseases in the form of compound medicine. Recently, some of the active ingredients from Chinese medicine were found to have self-assembly properties, mainly through non-covalent interactions, including π-π stacking, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond and coordination interactions, etc. Carrier-free nanoparticles based on self-assembly of active ingredients from Chinese medicine could not only improve the solubility of insoluble active ingredients, but also the bioavailability. As nanocarriers, the natural active ingredients could exert synergistic therapeutic effects. The strategy of self-assembly without carrier is safer and almost non-toxic compared to the commonly used nanocarriers. In addition, some ingredients from Chinese medicine could coordinate with metal ions to form stable nanoparticles, which could be applied to photothermal therapy. In this paper, we summarized and analyzed the recent achievements of carrier-free nanoparticles based on self-assembly of active ingredients from Chinese medicine, and briefly outlined the future development of this kind of nanomedicine.

Clinical Study on Addition and Subtraction Treatment to Renshen Maidong San to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus of Deficiency of Both Qi and Yin / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:This study aims to investigate the effect of addition and subtraction treatment to Renshen Maidongsan on metabolism of glucose， lipid and pregnancy outcome when used to gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） with deficiency of both Qi and Yin. Method:In this study， 108 patients with GDM were randomly divided into observation group with 54 cases and control group with 54 cases. Patients in control group took Yuquan wan orally， 6 g/time， 4 times/day ， and patients in observation group were prescribed addition and subtraction treatment to Renshen Maidongsan， 1 dose/day. The course of treatment for both groups was 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed before and after treatment. Fasting blood glucose （FBG） ， 1 h our plasma glucose （1 h PG）， 2 h our plasma glucose （2 h PG）， glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） and other indicators were detected to record the pregnancy outcome. Also， the levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， adiponectin， serum amyloid A （SAA）， tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， resistin， interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic>β</italic>） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were detected before and after treatment. Then the safety evalution was carried out. Result:The levels of insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR）， FBG， 1 h PG， 2 h PG， HbA1c， TC， LDL-C， TG， IL-6， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， TNF-<italic>α</italic>， SAA， leptin and resistin in observation group were lower than the data checked in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the levels of HOMA-<italic>β</italic>， insulin sensitivity index （InISI） and adiponectin were higher than the standards of from control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Then the incidence of medical cesarean section， pregnancy induced hypertension， polyhydramnios， premature rupture of membranes， premature delivery and adverse pregnancy outcomes were lower than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Addition and subtraction treatment to Renshen Maidongsan can improve insulin sensitivity and islet <italic>β</italic>-cell function， regulate inflammatory factors and adipokines， improve insulin resistance （IR）， effectively regulate glucose and lipid metabolism， improve maternal and infant adverse pregnancy outcomes when used on patients with GDM and deficiency of Qi and Yin， and it was safe to use in clinic.

Epidemiology investigation of metabolic syndrome and its score and related behaviors in Zhongshan Community， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndromes （MS） and MS scores as well as related health behavior factors in Zhongshan Community， Songjiang， Shanghai. Methods:A total of 6 802 residents aged 20-74 years old in Zhongshan Community were selected. Face-to-face survey and body measurement were used to collect information such as MS-related behavioral factors （including smoking， alcohol intake， exercise and diet） and to determine the MS scores. MS scores were divided into 6 levels. Ordered logit model was used to analyze the factors related to MS score， and logit model was used to analyze the factors related to MS. Results:The prevalence of 6 metabolic syndrome scores in the sample population were 13.5%， 24.3%， 25.1%， 19.7%， 12.3%， 5.1%， respectively. The prevalence of MS was 37.0%. The related factors of high MS score in male were advanced age， alcohol intake and tea drinking， while the related factors of high MS score in female were advanced age and previous smoking. The related factors of MS was alcohol intake in male while female with advanced age had higher risk in developing MS. Conclusion:The prevalence of MS in Zhongshan Community is relatively high， which has become one of the important public health problems in this community. Attention should be paid to the elderly men who drink alcohol and tea， and aged women who have ever smoked.

Clinical observation of herb-separated moxibustion combining western medication on allergic rhinitis of kidney- deficiency type and correlation with infrared thermal imagining / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the therapeutic effect of herb-separated moxibustion combined with budesonide nasal spray (rhinocort) on moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis (AR) of kidney- deficiency type, and to explore the correlation between nasal temperature and condition of allergic rhinitis.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 patients with moderate to severe persistent AR were randomized into an observation group (35 cases) and a control group (35 cases, 3 cases dropped off). Both groups were treated with rhinocort, one spray on each side of the nostril (approximately 64 μg each spray), once in the morning and once in the evening, for 4 weeks. On the basis of the above treatment, the observation group was treated with herb-separated moxibustion at Shenshu (BL 23), Feishu (BL 13), Zhiyang (GV 9), Dazhui (GV 14), 3 moxibustions per acupoint, a single treatment lasting about 30 min. This treatment was given once every other day, 3 times every week, and totally continuous 4 weeks. The changes of AR symptom visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were observed before and after treatment and at 3 months follow-up after treatment. The heat variation (temperature, range) on projection areas of the nose, lungs, large intestine and kidneys of the two groups' patients before and after treatment were detected by the infrared thermal imaging diagnostic system, and the correlation between the VAS scores and nasal temperature before and after treatment was analyzed. The clinical effects of both groups were evaluated according to the VAS score.@*RESULTS@#The total effective rate in the observation group after treatment was 85.7% (30/35), which was higher than 71.9% in the control group (23/32, <0.05). After treatment and at follow-up, the VAS scores of both groups were lower than those before treatment (<0.05), and the VAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group at follow-up (<0.05). After treatment, the nasal temperature, pulmonary range, large intestinal range and renal range of the observation group were all lower than those before treatment (<0.05), the nasal temperature and nasal range of the control group were lower than before treatment (<0.05), and the reduction of nasal temperature, nasal range and renal range in the observation group was greater than that of the control group (<0.05). Before and after treatment, there was a correlation between VAS score and nasal temperature (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The herb-separated moxibustion combining western medication has a better effect and long-term effect than western medication alone for moderate to severe persistent AR, which can improve heat variation on projected areas of the nose, lung, large intestine and kidney of patients. In addition, nasal temperature can reflect the severity of the symptoms of patients with moderate to severe persistent AR, or it can be used as a secondary indicator to evaluate condition of AR.

Effect of YU Ying-ao's Tongzhifang in Treatment of Epilepsy Based on Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Data / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Analyze the composition of Tongzhifang，regularity of modified prescriptions based on outpatient medical records of national famous Chinese medicine practitioner Professor YU Ying-ao for the treatment of epilepsy as well as data mining， and summarize the clinical experience of Professor YU in diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy， in order to provide the reference basis for the traditional Chinese medicine treatment epilepsy. Method:Based on the data of outpatient medical records of Professor YU for epilepsy diagnosis and treatment，this study conducted standard patient follow-up，clinical data collection，pretreatment and mining analysis，and was confirmed through expert interviews. Liquorice 2.3 data mining platform and SPSS 17.0 were used for data management and statistical analysis. Result:A total of 1 219 medical records of 243 cases were completely collected. As a result， Professor YU Ying-ao's Tongzhifang for epilepsy was based on ancient prescription Baijinwan，in which Shenglongchi and Ostreae Concha enhance tranquilizing and hyperactivity-subduing effects，Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium，Armeniacae Semen Amarum，Arisaema Cum Bile and Bambusae Caulis in Taenias eliminate phlegm and free channels， Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Persicae Semen promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis， and the 10 herbs were meticulously composed and well compatible. According to the small sample data，the total effective rate of patients with tetany type epilepsy taking this prescription for 3 months and 6 months was 80% （P<0.01）， with no adverse reactions. As for the dosage of Tongzhifang，the dosage for adult pills is generally 3-6 times that of decoction prescriptions，and the dosage for children's pills is generally 5-10 times that of decoction prescriptions. Under the guidance of the combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation，epilepsy at the acute phase was treated with additionally Hupomo 1.5-3 g，the ratio of Curcumae Radix to Alumen is usually 4∶1， severe convulsion was treated with additionally Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis， Bombyx Batryticatus and Pheretima， epilepsy due to trauma was treated with additionally Typhae Pollen， Eupolyphaga Steleophaga， Carthami Flos and Radix Paeoniae Rubra； constipation was treated with additionally Cannabis Fructus； fatigue was treated with additionally Astragali Radix； dyspepsia was treated with additionally Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum； and irritability treated with additionally Gentiana scabra Bunge. Conclusion:The composition of Professor YU's Tongzhifang for treating epilepsy with Qianzhen Zhixian Huatan Tongluo method is relatively stable. Modified prescriptions are based on syndrome differentiation. Clinical experience and dosage range of decoction prescription and pill prescription for adults and children are available.

Anterior versus posterior decompression for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with spinal cord injury:a Meta-analysis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of anterior decompression and posterior decompression in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with spinal cord injury, so as to provide a good scientific basis for more effective treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with spinal cord injury.@*METHODS@#A clinical data about comparative study of anterior decompression and posterior decompression in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with spinal cord injury was searched and collected. The databases of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Medical Network were searched by computer. Artificially collected journals included Spine, European Spine Journal, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Two spine surgeons independently screened the literature according to established inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed on the data using Review Manager 5.3 software, the indicators included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative tactile score, postoperative motor score, postoperative vertebral height, hospitalization time, neurological function recovery, efficiency of treatment, postoperative complications.@*RESULTS@#Fifteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were enrolled in a total of 1 360 patients, including 680 anterior decompression and 680 posterior decompression. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the anterior decompression group had longer operation time [MD=80.09, 95% CI(36.83, 123.34), P=0.000 3], more intraoperative blood loss [MD=225.21, 95%CI(171.07, 279.35), <0.000 01], longer hospitalization time [MD=2.31, 95% CI(0.32, 4.31), P=0.02]. And the postoperative tactile score [MD=13.39, 95% CI(9.86, 16.92), <0.000 01], postoperative motor score [MD=13.15, 95% CI(7.02, 19.29), <0.000 1], vertebral height [MD=1.36, 95% CI(0.79, 1.92), <0.000 01] in anterior decompression were higher than that in posterior decompression. There was no statistically significant differences in the efficacy of treatment [OR=1.14, 95% CI(0.56, 2.31), P=0.72], neurological recovery [OR=0.87, 95% CI(0.57, 1.33), P=0.52] between two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with posterior decompression, the anterior decompression has the advantages of longer operating time, more intraoperative blood loss, longer hospitalization time, higher postoperative tactile score, higher postoperative motor score, and higher injury vertebral height, But there was no significant difference in the treatment efficiency and nerve function recovery between two groups.

Molecular Mechanism of Belamcandae Rhizoma and Ephedrae Herba Couplet Medicines in Treating Asthma Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To analyze the effective active ingredients of Belamcandae Rhizoma and Ephedrae Herba couplet medicines(BREH)in the treatment of bronchial asthma based on network pharmacology, in order to predict their potential targets and explore the mechanism. Method:Active ingredients and predict their targets were collected from traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology(TCMSP) database. Drugs-components-targets network and Proteins interations network were built by STRING database and Cytoscape software. ClusterProfiler and ClueGO was used to enrich the biological function and metabolic pathway of core targets. Finally, candidate targets were mapped onto the pictures of correlative pathways. Result:The 38 effectively active ingredients were screened out, including luteolin, stigmasterol, diosmetin, naringenin, quercetin, iristectorigenin A, isorhamnetin. There were 214 candidate targets relating to bronchial asthma, and 55 core ones were selected to be mainly studied, including RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), interleukin-10 (IL-10), NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA), and a number of relevant gene ontology(GO) functions and Kyoto Encyclopedin of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathways were enriched. Conclusion:BREH may regulate the Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell differentiations, Asthma, IL-17, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases(PI3K)/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB, VEGF signaling pathways, so as to interfere the process of cell metabolism, and inhibit gene expression of proinflammatory factor in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Study on safflower yellow for injection based on cell degranulation and acute anaphylactoid model / 中国中药杂志

This paper was aimed to establish screening methods of anaphylactoid reaction caused by safflower yellow for injection based on RBL-2 H3 cell degranulation model and mice model for acute anaphylactoid reaction,and evaluate the hypersensitivity caused by safflower yellow for injection from different batches. An in vitro cell model was used to keep the cells stimulated for an hour with different batches of safflower yellow for injection as the drug group,serum-free MEM medium as negative control group and 30 mg·L-1 C48/80 as positive control group respectively. The supernatant was then absorbed,and neutral red staining technique was used to detect the effect of safflower yellow injection on the degranulation of RBL-2 H3 cells with the positive cell rate of degranulation as the indicator.An in vivo model was established to validate the experimental results,and mice model for acute anaphylactoid reaction and ELISA method were adopted to detect the plasma histamine content,and screen the hypersensitivity caused by safflower yellow for injection at the animal level by using plasma histamine content as a test index. The results of the neutral red staining experiments showed that the positive control C48/80 could cause cell degranulation,and most of the cells were deeply stained. There was significant difference in positive cell rate between different batches of safflower yellow and positive control group. In the mice model for acute anaphylactoid reaction,it was found that the positive control C48/80 significantly increased the histamine content in the plasma of mice,while the safflower yellow in each batch did not cause a significant increase in plasma histamine( P<0. 000 1). The mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction is relatively complicated. This study was mainly based on the release of histamine and other active substances by degranulation of mast cells. No significant degranulation reaction of RBL-2 H3 cells induced by safflower yellow for injection was detected,nor was the plasma histamine level significantly increased in mice from the in vitro and in vivo aspects.

In vivo intravoxel incoherent motion imaging in evaluation on drug resistance of human colon cancer SW480 in nude mice / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To explore drug resistance of human colon cancer SW480 tumor in nude mice with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in vivo and its feasibility. Methods Nude mice with human colon cancer SW480 tumor in the resistant group (n=5) and non-drug resistant group (n=5) underwent IVIM imaging when the longest tumor diameter was greater than 1.50 cm, and true-diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f) of the tumor were measured. Then the mice were sacrificed, and the protein expression (Western Blot) of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), protein kinase C (PKC), necrosis (HE stain), apoptosis (TUNEL) of tumors were detected. Correlation analysis on IVIM parameters and tumor protein expression was performed. Results: The D value of non-resistance group was higher than that of drug-resistant group (P0.05). Tumor necrosis areas of the two groups were similar, the nucleus of drug-resistant group was larger than that of non-resistant group, while cells were arranged more closely and cell density was larger. There was no statistical difference in the apoptotic index between the two groups (P>0.05). Protein expression of PKC, P-gp and MRP1 in the drug-resistant group was higher than those in non-resistant group (all P<0.05). The D value was negatively correlated with the expression of P-gp, MRP1 and PKC (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The D value of tumor in nude mice model may become a significant marker to in vivo evaluate drug resistance of nude mice with human colon cancer SW480 tumor.

Application of fenestration technique in the treatment of aortic arch disease / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective Assessment of fenestration in the aortic arch disease .Methods 13 patients with aortic arch dis-ease underwent fenestration operation to reconstruct affiliated vessels , aortic arch aneurysm in 5 patients, aortic anch ulcer in 4, Ⅲ type aortic dissection in 3 and Ⅰ type leakage after aortic stent graft in 1 patient.All patieuts were divided into 2 groups.8 patients in pre-fenestration group, 5 patients in in-situ fenestration group.Only left subclavian artery was rebuilded in 9 patients, both left carotid common artery and left subclavian artery were rebuilded in 3 patients, all three affiliated vessels of arch were rebuilded in 1 patient.Results Branch vessels of aortic arch were successfully rebuilded in all 13 patients.There were no endoleak, stenosis of branch vessels, graft diaplacement or deaths peri-operative period.During follow-up, no postop-erative complications occurred and all target vessels remained patent .No fenestration related endoleaks were observed.Conclu-sion Fenestration may be a viable alternative for patients with aortic arch disease .

Effects of albumin overload on mitochondrial membrane potential and ultrastructural changes in renal tubular epithelial cells / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate effects of albumin overload on mitochondrial membrane potential and ultrastructural changes in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2).Methods Vitrocultured HK-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of albumin.The mitochondrial membrane potential in HK-2 cells was detected by fluorescence probe JC-1,and the electron microscopy was used to detect the mitochondrial ultrastructure of cells.Results JC-1-detected red/green ratio was 2.34 ± 0.21 at 0 g/L of albumin treatment,0.83 ± 0.09 at 4 g/L,0.41 ± 0.07 at 8 g/L,0.38± 0.08 at 16 g/L albumin overload,which showed a gradually decreased red and green fluorescence intensity ratio along with increased albumin overload(F =162.794,P ＜0.001),and with significant differences in the ratio among groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Albumin overload-induced mitochondrial abnormality in transmission electron microscope included mitochondrial swelling,disordered cristae arrangement,cristae lysis and cavitation,and the increase of bilayer membrane structures in HK-2 cells.Conclusions Albumin overload can induce the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential,mitochondrial damage and autophagy in renal tubular epithelial cells,which suggest that mitochondrial damage and autophagy may be one of the mechanisms of albumin overloadinduced renal tubular epithelial cell injury.

Expression and clinical significance of glucose transporters 1, monocarboxylate transporter 1 and monocarboxylate transporter 4 in colon cancer / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of glucose transporters 1 (GLUT1),monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1),monocarboxylate transporter 4(MCT4) and clinical characteristics in colon cancer. Methods From January 2008 to January 2016,the carcinoma tissues of 84 cases with colon cancer after gastrointestinal surgery, and 40 samples of corresponding adjacent normal colon tissues in the First People＇s Hospital of Hangzhou were collected. The clinical data were collected. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of GLUT1, MCT1 and MCT4, the results were analyzed. Results The positive expression rates of MCT1,GLUT1 and MCT4 in colon cancer were 54. 8% (46/84),47. 6% (40/84),58. 3% (49/84),respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group[12. 5% (5/40),7. 5% (3/40),15. 0% (6/40)],the differences were statistically significant (χ2=19. 987,19. 253,20. 615,all P＜0. 01). The expressions of GLUT1, MCT1,and MCT4 were not related to gender,age and tumor size,but related to lesion location,differentiation,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and clinical stage( GLUT1:χ2=6. 227,11. 629,10. 029,14. 817,4. 709;MCT1:χ2=6. 891,8. 615,9. 185,5. 337,16. 131;MCT4:χ2=8. 641,7. 077,12. 131,6. 917,7. 077;all P ＜0. 05). Conclusion High expression of GLUT1,MCT1 and MCT4 were observed in colon cancer. GLUT1,MCT1 and MCT4 may affect the development of colon cancer through energy metabolism pathway in colon cancer tissues.